Tourist Circuit » Concept, Definition, Importance, Types

Tourist Circuit:

A tourist circuit can be defined as a route which has at least three major destinations located on it such that none of them exist in the same town, city or village. These destinations should not be separated by a long distance and should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist will cover all the destinations of the particular circuit during his/her tour.

It helps to increase the number of visits to all these destinations as well as the length of stay of the tourists. The tourists can visit all the destinations located on the circuit which benefits them as well as the destinations they are visiting.

It brings to attention such areas or experiences or activities which are new and fascinating or of a special interest to the tourists. Thus, offering a mixed bag of scenic beauty, historical sites, cultural diversity etc.

Thus, the main features of a tourist circuit are:

It should have at least three major destinations: This is the foremost requirement of a tourist circuit. It needs to have at least three major destinations to form a proper circuit.
None of them should exist in the same town, city or village: None of the major destinations of the circuit should be located in the same town, city or village of the destination.

It should not be separated by a long distance: The distance between each of the destinations should be long to form a circuit. These should not be located too close.
It should have well defined entry and exit points: The circuit should a proper entry point from where the tourists can enter as well as an exit point from where the tourists can exit.

Types of Tourist Circuits

Tourist circuits can either be developed within a state or across two or more states. These can be classified according to different types. Common types of tourist circuits are:

1. Heritage Tourist Circuits:

With a civilization as old as 500 years or more, modern India is an ideal destination for heritage tourism. Be it monuments, museums or historical buildings, India has an abundance of tangible resources. Heritage means the traditions, languages or buildings that were created in the past and still have historical importance.

Thus, heritage tourism is oriented towards cultural heritage of a destination. It can include monuments, historical buildings, artefacts, performing arts, festivals, traditions etc. Heritage tourist circuits help to preserve culture and identity as well as help to build harmony and understanding among people. There are 35 World Heritage Sites in India.

A heritage tourist circuit is one which includes destinations of historical/heritage value. The main emphasis of such heritage circuits is to preserve our rich heritage and revive old customs and traditions. The overall purpose is to gain an appreciation of the past. It can also include marketing of a destination to members of a diaspora who have distant family roots.

Example of Heritage Circuit: Varanasi-Khajuraho-Agra.

Varanasi is the oldest city in India and is famous for its temples and Ghats. Khajoraho is famous for its erotic temples while Agra is famous for the world renowned Taj Mahal.

2. Wildlife Tourist Circuits:

It includes the native fauna and flora of a region. Wildlife tourism involves watching wild animals in their natural habitat. Non consumptive interactions with wildlife such as such as photographing animals are also an important feature of this type of tourism.

Wildlife tourism is popular in African and South American countries, Australia, Canada, India, Maldives, Indonesia, Sri Lanka etc. It includes offering tour packages and safaris to tourists so that they have a closer view of wildlife. It has a touch of adventure to it and supports values of eco tourism and nature conservation programs.

A wildlife tourist circuit is one which includes destinations with wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. The main emphasis of such circuits is to preserve wildlife in their natural form.

Example of Wildlife Tourist Circuit: Corbett-Ranthambore- Bharatpur- Bandhavgarh- Kanha.

This circuit is famous for mostly famous for tigers and jungle safaris.

3. Religious Tourist Circuits:

India is home to a varied set of religions and faiths. Each religion has its own sacred destinations which are a must visit in one’s lifetime. Be it churches, temples, monasteries or mosques, India is the perfect destination for religious tourism.

4. Tribal Tourist Circuit:

According to Terry Ward, journalist and travel writer, “Tribal Tourism is a new form of travel in which tourists visit tribal villages in order to be exposed to a culture completely different from their own.”. From the heavenly North East to the blissful Odisha, from Chhattisgarh to Jharkhand, India has eight percent of the total tribal population.

The tribals are known for their age old traditions, culture, traditions, festivals, craftsmanship etc. The main emphasis of such a tribal tourist circuit is to preserve their culture, traditions, and rituals and make tourists aware about the same.

Example of Tribal Circuit: Sibsagar- Mon- Majuli- Ziro- Daporijo- Basar- Dibrugarh

These are tribal destinations of the north eastern states of Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

UGC NET Tourism Administration and Management Previous Years Question Papers

5. Rural Tourist Circuit:

Rural tourism is a form of tourism which involves seeing rural life, art, culture and heritage in rural areas where local communities are benefitted economically and socially. This enables interaction between the tourists and locals and leads to an enriching experience.

Also read Tourism Destination Development

It involves actively participating in a rural lifestyle. It is a variant of eco tourism and can be agricultural tourism, experiences and experiential tourism, community eco tourism, ethno tourism etc. The main emphasis of such a circuit is to give the tourists a feel of village lifestyle and to enable some interaction between the tourists and the locals. rural tourist circuit is one which has rural destinations located on it.

Example of Rural Tourist Ciruit: Wayanad-Attapadi-Thrikkaipetta-Wayanad-Kochi

These are villages in Kerala.

6. Desert Tourist Circuit:

Desert Tourism involves travelling to desert destinations with beautiful landscapes and adventure activities. India is known for its rich bio diversity and deserts remain an interesting region for a lot of people. Sand dunes, camel rides, bonfires and cultural dance all add up to make a complete tour. Desserts are spread out in Thar Rajasthan, Ladakh, Hiachal Pradesh and Rann of Kutch. desert tourist circuit is one which includes deserts destinations.

Example of Desert Tourist Circuit: Jodhpur-Jaisalmer-Bikaner

These are the desert destinations of Rajasthan.

7. Coastal Tourist Circuit:

Coastal tourism is based on the concept of resource combination of land and sea environments-: sun, water, beaches, scenic views, biological diversity (birds, whales, and corals), sea food etc. India has a long coastline with beautiful beaches.

Coastal tourism is based on a combination of land and sea environment. It is spread out in states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Odisha etc. costal tourist circuit is one which has coastal destinations in it.

Example of Coastal Tourist Circuit: Port Blair- Havelock- Neil Island- Port Blair

These are the coastal destinations of Andamans.

8. Eco Tourist Circuit:

Eco tourism is travelling to destinations which are ecologically fragile, pristine and protected. The aim of this type of tourism is to minimize the impact of tourism and keep it small scale. Eco circuits are spread in areas of the Himalays, North East states, Western Ghats, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands. An eco tourist circuit is one which includes travel to ecologically fragile destinations.

Example of Eco Tourist Circuit: Guwahati-Kaziranga-Manas-Guwahati

Besides the above mentioned circuits, the Ministry of Tourism has also recently started Ramayana circuit,Krishna circuit,Sufi circuit, Sikh circuit, Christian circuit, Jain circuit, Parsi circuit etc under its Swadesh Darshan plan.

Importance of Tourist Circuits in Destination Development:

As seen from above points, it is clear that tourist circuits connect important destinations on a route which are of tourist value. They play a vital role in the development of a destination. Hence, importance of Tourist Circuits in Destination Development can be stated as:

Circuits can be developed around a particular theme to attract visitors and to increase the length of their stay at the destination.
These can be used to diversify the range of tourism products and experiences which are provided at the destination

Tourist circuits can help to spread benefits to small businesses and rural communities while reducing pressure on most frequently visited areas such as World Heritage Sites.
These can also be used to bring together a network of stakeholders- government, associations, local communities, private sectors etc. All these stakeholders work together and cooperate effectively in order to market and conserve the destination.

Know about Indian Railway

You can understand the importance of tourist circuit in destination development with the help of a caselet, let’s take the case of the famous Golden Triangle. It includes main destinations of Delhi-Agra and Jaipur with detours at Sikandra and Fatehpur Sikri.

Now Golden triangle circuit has helped in increasing footfalls to all the destinations (Delhi,Agra, jaipur, Sikandra and Fatehpur Sikri) which are located on this route.
The circuit has helped in economic development of these destinations by attracting tourists to even the remote and rural areas like Fatehpur Sikri and Sikandra.
Tourism has got a boost in these destinations and when this has happened, heritage of these places is also preserved simultaneously be it Taj Mahal of Agra or Red fort of Delhi or Amber Fort Of Jaipur.

All monuments and heritage sites of Golden Triangle circuit have been maintained properly and at regular intervals.
Development of this circuit has also led to infrastructure development in the destinations like interpretation facilities, souvenir shops, eateries, ATMs etc.

Local art and craft has also got promoted as villages and small businesses are visited by tourists on the route.

Connectivity to these destinations has automatically improved as tourist influx has grown. Be it airport, railway stations, better quality roads etc
This has leads to skill development of local communities in these destinations. A lot of local tourist guides are skilled in foreign languages at many monuments like the Taj Mahal.
Local communities have got employed and revenue has been earned by local people-be it small stall vendors, local eateries etc.

Popular tourist Circuits in India:

1. Golden Triangle circuit: (Delhi-Agra-Jaipur)

The Golden triangle is so called because of the triangular shape formed by the destinations of Delhi,Agra and Jaipur on a map. This circuit has the charm of the national capital Delhi with its busy, narrow streets of Chandani Chowk, magnificent buildings of Lutyens’s Delhi ; to the world famous Taj Mahal of Agra- symbolic of eternal love and beauty; to the forts and places of Jaipur. Which are a must see on a tourist’s mind. This is the most visited circuit in India and has some of the best monuments and bazaars in the country.

2. Bangalore-Mysore-Ooty circuit:

This circuit is one of the most famous in South India. The centre of India’s high tech industry, it is also known as the Silicon Valley of India. Mysore is the urban area of Karnataka and is famous for Mysore place and gardens. Ooty is a beautiful hill station in the Nilgiris and is frequented by tourists all the year round.

3. Himachal tour circuit:

Shimla-Kullu-Manali-Dalhousie-Dharamshala

Himachal is famous for its pristine beauty, landscape and snow caped peaks. It is also famous for trekking, climbing and skiiing. All these destinations are located close to the national capital Delhi and make the perfect holiday destination for families and young people.

4. Buddhist Circuit Tour:

Varanasi – Bodhgaya – Ragjir – Nalanda – Patna – Vaishali – Kushinagar – Lumbini – Sravasti – Lucknow – Agra- Sankasa

Buddhist circuit tour covers all the holy places associated with the life and teachings of Lord Buddha. Pilgrims come from all over the world to visit these holy places and it is one of the most sought after religious tours in India after Chaar Dhaam Yatra.

5. Kerala Circuit:

Cochin-Munnar-Thekkady-Alleppey-Kumarakom

This circuit involves travel to the breathtaking locations and backwaters of Kerala. It is the most popular circuit in Kerala and offers tourists the main attraction of a Houseboat stay (locally called Ketuvallam) at the backwaters in Alleppey.

6. South India temple Tour:

Chennai-Kanchipuram-Mahabalipuram-PondicherryThanjavur-Trichy-Madurai

This circuit covers the temple destinations of South India. It is one of the most popular temple tours of South India and has some of the most magnificent and legendary temple architecture in India.

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7. Rajasthan Circuit:

Jaipur- Bikaner-Jaisalmer-Jodhpur-Udaipur

This circuit is one of the most famous circuits of Rajasthan. It covers a wide array of attractions -from forts and palaces to deserts to lakes and a glimpse of local culture and traditions of Rajasthani people.

8. North East Circuit:

Guwahati-Shillong-Cherrapunji-Kaziranga-Guwahati

This circuit is one of the most sought after circuits in North East and opens you to the mysterious delightfulness of North east. The destinations in this one include virgin, wild and untouched beauty and scenery away from modernization and development usually found in all urban and semi urban areas of India.

9. Kashmir circuit:

Srinagar-Gulmarg-Pahalagam-Srinagar

This circuit is the famous circuit of Kashmir. It includes travel to the snow capped landscape of Gulmarg, the beautiful meadows of Pahalagam and the beautiful gardens and houseboat of Srinagar.

10. Char Dham Yatra:

Hardiwar-Rishikesh-Barkot-Uttarkashi-Gangotri-UttarkashiSrinagar-Gupt Kashi-Rampur-Kedarnath-Rampur-Badrinath-Pipalkoti-Haridwar

These are the most holy destinations in the Chhota Chaar Dhaam Yatra widely revered by the Hindus and include the main destinations of Yamunotri Gangotri-Kedarnath and Badrinath.

Tourist Circuits of India: India’s rich culture, tradition, heritage, life values and natural setup starting from Himalaya to Indian Ocean can be seen as individual attraction as well as when we connect more than two destinations having similar or dissimilar background but same location may complement each other in form of tourist circuits. This chapter will highlights some of the most popular tourist circuits in India as well as few upcoming one.

1. Golden Triangle of India (Delhi-Jaipur-Agra)

Golden Triangle is one of the most important, famous and highly visited tourist circuits both by national and international tourists as it covers the three highly recommended tourist destinations of the country which are; Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. The major attractions offered during the visit on this circuit include historical monuments, royal forts, palaces built during different periods, temples, mosques and also some new attractions. This provide the visitor a rich experience of Indian heritage, classic art, architecture, culture and traditions.

Delhi : Delhi is the gateway of India and is one of the busiest cities in the country. This capital cosmopolitan city represents a unique combination of ancient and modern India, with a huge array of attractions that includes both the modern, high class tourism infrastructure, amenities and ancient historical monuments

The attraction must not be missed by visitors are UNESCO World Heritage sites (Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Humayun’s Tomb, Qutab Minar), Old Chandni Chowk area, new Lotus Temple, India Gate, Gandhi Smriti Raj ghat etc.

Agra: this ancient seat of Mughal Empire is one of the best known historical cities of India. Reflecting the grandeur of Mughal art and architecture, Agra is boasting for the Taj Mahal, a World heritage site and wonder of the world. This epitome of love is the signature tourism attraction of not only Agra but India. The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built in between 1631 and 1648 by Moghul Emperor Shah Jahan, in memory of his beloved wife Queen Mumtaz Mahal. The other major attractions are Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Tomb of Akbar.

Jaipur: Jaipur city is considered as colorful and one of the most attractive cities of India also known as ‘Pink city’. It holds a historical significance by being the capital city of great Rajputs empire in the past. The splendor of power and affluence of Rajputs are still reflect in the grand royal palaces, majestic forts and distinct culture and heritage of the city.

The major tourist attractions of the city are divided into Palaces & monuments, Temples & traditional bazaars, with rich culture of city life. Amber Fort, Nahargarh fort and Jaigarh fort are situated in outeride of city while City Palace where family of present king exists within the city. Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar, Albert Hall Museum, Pink city Bazar, Chokhidani tourist village, Birla Temple are places which attracts lots of tourist. Jaipur is also branded as shopper’s paradise for popular items such as handmade cotton print material, silver jewelry, precious gemstones, bangles, and blue pottery etc.

2. Buddhist Circuit (Lumbini- Bodhgaya- Sarnath-Kushinara-Rajgir-Nalanda)

Buddhism is one the widely venerate and major religions of the world. All the places which are associated with Lord Buddha are considered holy and places for worship in Buddhism. The most sacred places in Buddhism are the Lord Buddha’s place of birth, place of enlightenment, place of his first sermon and place of nirvana. Hence, Buddhist circuits which are another massively visited destinations both by followers of Buddhism and general tourist includes several long and/or short distant circuits.

Lumbini: Although birth place of Gautam Buddha is Lumbini, situated in Nepal (an UNESCO World Heritage site) but it is added in Buddhist circuit of India as this circuit will be not completed without covering birthplace.

Sarnath: This holy place is situated about 10 km from Varanasi which is a famous cultural and religious destination. After achieving the enlightenment, it was the Sarnath where Lord Buddha established his sangha or disciples to promote his new doctrine and gave His first sermon.The other significant attractions at Sarnath are, Dhamekh stupa, Chaukhandi stupa, Mulagandha Kuti Vihara, Chinese Temple, Thai Temple and Museum of ASI which is housing several historical artifacts along with the famous Lion Capital Pillar or the Ashoka pillar was erected by King Ashoka.

Bodhgaya: this sacred place is located 10 km from Gaya in Bihar. This is one of the most visited Buddhist sites of the country as it was here under the Bodhi tree where Prince Siddhartha achieved enlightenment after meditating for 49 days and became Lord Buddha (the Enlightened One). The key sites to visit at Bodhgaya are the Bodhi Tree, Mahabodhi Temple which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Vajrasana Throne donated by King Ashoka, Muchalinda Lake, Animesh Lochan Chaitya and some other holy trees like Ratnachankramana, Ratnagaraha, Ajapala Nigrodha and Rajyatna. Being a major Buddhist site various countries where Buddhism is a major religion like Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Thailand, China etc. has establishes monasteries and temples here which also attract visitors.

Rajgir: situated about 70 km from Bodhgaya, Rajgir another significant Buddhist site where Lord Buddha stayed and preached his doctrine. He taught the precepts of Lotus Sutra and the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra near Gridhakuta Hill in Rajgir. Rajgir had also hosted the first Buddhist counci at the Saptaparni Caves on Vaibhar Hill.

Nalanda: it is an excursion from Rajgir located around 14 km away. The teachings of Buddha were compiled after his death and preached in the council. The ruins of worldrenowned university of Nalanda are the key attraction.

Patna: back in history called as Pataliputra, Patna is the capital city of Bihar, boasting for its glorious history and heritage. It was an important center during the spread of Buddhism. The major sites to visit here are, Patna Museum which showcase a rich collection of Buddhist art and artifacts, Kumrahar an ancient site, Golghar, a granary constructed by John Garstin in 1786 after the famine of 1770. And Martyr’s memorial dedicated to freedom fighters.

Kushinagar: this sacred place is located in the Gorakhpur district. Lord Buddha attain

‘Nirvana’ Kushinagar. Major attractions to visit here are Mukatanabandhana Stupa and the reclining Buddha statue in red sandstone. Other attractions are Wat Thai Temple, Chinese Temple, Japanese Temple, Mahanirvana Temple, etc.

3. Golden Triangle of South India (Chennai, Kanchipuram and Mahabalipuram)

The southern part of India is replete with rich cultural and religious heritage and represents the glorious past of the country. One of the most visited tourist circuit of the southern India which offers an incredible experience of heritage sites, religious places, art and architecture. These three important cities (covers about 200 km) and well known tourism Destinations are situated in the Tamil Nadu state.

Chennai: This capital city of Tamil Nadu, is among four biggest metropolitan cities in India. The city is home of splendid temples, incredible fortresses and monuments, shorelines and heritage sites. Some key attractions of the city are Kapaleeshwarar Temple (committed to Hindu Lord Shiva), Parthasarathy Temple (devoted to Hindu Lord Krishna), Snake Park (residence different types of reptiles including harmful and nontoxic snakes), Kalakshetra (found for established move, music and expressive arts), Marina Beach (the second biggest shoreline on the planet), Elliot Beach, Fort St George and Guindy National Park.

Mahabalipuram: Also known as Mamallapuram is located 58 km from Chennai. It is a one of the widely known historical destination, particularly in Southern India. It has several landmarks and sanctuaries most of which represents the Pallava culture and art.

The most important sites to visit are the UNESCO declared World Heritage Sites Panch

Rathas, the rock-cut, and Shore Temple, Arjunas Penance and Varaha Cave Temple Kanchipuram: Kanchipuram is a temple town situated near Chennai. It is a highly venerated city with a huge number of grand Hindu temples and hence regarded as the religious capital of South India. It is one of the highest visited pilgrimage destination of South India. The major temples of the city can be classified in three broad categories; Vaishnava, Shiva and Devi Temples. Kailasnatha Temple (surrounded by 58 smaller shrines), Ekambareswara Temple (constructed originally by Pallavas) has a 16 pillared mandapa and included in 5 panchlinga shrines of Chennai), Vaikuntha Perumal temple (dedicated to Vishnu), Varadharaja Temple (Vishnu), Kamakshi Amman Temple (dedicated to Parvati), and Dhrmalingeswarar Temple are main shrines in Chennai.

4. Bhubaneswar- Konark- Puri Circuit (Golden Triangle of East)

Odisha is a beautiful, serene and splendid state in eastern India, boasting for its magnificent past vividly reflected in its architecture, monuments and heritage sites and sublime natural beauty. The circuit of these three most celebrated cities of Odisha offers a complete experience of diverse attractions of the state in an essence. The circuit includes pilgrimage centers, monuments, natural sites (shoreline, lake,hills, wildlife) and cultural attractions.

Bhubaneswar: this capital city of Odisha is a famous tourist destination and pilgrimage center. It offers some of the splendid temple architecture which are the key tourist attractions of the city like Lingaraj Temple (11^th cen., 55 m high, dedicated to King of Linga .i.e Shiva, also known as Tribhuvaneshwar), Mukteswar Temple (10^th cen. Shiva temple, famous for its decorative toran), Raja Rani Temple (renowned for its fine sculpture of dikpals), Parsurameswar Temple, Brahmeswar Temple, and many others. Some wonderful attractions in surrounding areas include Nanda Kanan Zoo, Dhauli Stupa, Ekamra Kannan, caves of Udaigiri and Khandagiri.

Konark: Konark internationally renownedfor the great Sun Temple which is declared as the World Heritage Site by UNESCO for its exceptional architecture and historic significance. The other key attraction of Konark is scenic Chandrabhaga beach.

Puri: Puri is one among the four most sacred pilgrimage destinations for Hindus in India (Char Dham) dominated by towering Sri Jagannath Temple. Jagannath Temple was built by King Ananthvarman in 12^th cen. is abode of Jagannth, Balbhadra and Subhadra.

Gundicha Temple, Puri Beach are the major attractions of the city.

5. Backwater Circuit (Kochi-Alleppey-Kumarakom)

Kerala, renowned as God’s Own Country is one of the highly admired and visited states of the country by international and domestic tourists for its exceptional natural beauty. Blessed with abundant natural assts like hill-stations, tea gardens, beaches, landscape Kerala is best known for its backwaters. This circuit provides a wonderful experience of backwater and natural beauty.

Kochi: Kochi, earlier known as Chochin is Kerala main trading centre for spices and seafood. Kocchi is in fact collection of narrow islands and peninsulas. It is one of the finest natural harbors in India and hence regarded as the ‘Queen of Arabian Sea’. Kochi is 8 km away from Ernakulam. The town possesses some beautiful impressions of the foreign heritage which was left by Dutch, Portuguese, Arabs, Chinese and the British visitors in past days.

Mattancherry and Fort Kocchi is all time attraction with their blend of Dutch, portguese and English bungalows. The India’s oldest synagogue is Paradesi synagogue which is situated in the heart of Jews town. St. Francis Church, Willingdon Island, Boghatty Island Ernakulam are other important attractions of Kochhi.

Alleppey: Also known as Alappuzha this district is surrounded by water bodies which are connected to each other through the canals. Alleppy is reputed for the Houseboats and cruise voyage in Backwater. The sail passing through the scenic villages, paddy fields and fishing areas offers the unparalleled experience of nature’s marvel. Kumarakom: Kumarakom is a little hamlet with beautiful landscape and rare flora and fauna situated near the Vembanad Lake. It is a beautiful serene destination for experiencing backwaters, tasty coconut water, authentic Kerala traditional food and experiencing the warmth of fresh air. The Kumarakom Bird sanctuary is the prime attraction, spreading over 14 acres, it is the home of some rare birds including wild duck, teal, egrets, herons, cuckoo, waterfowl, darters and also migratory birds.

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Tourist Circuit of India : India’s rich culture, tradition, heritage, life values and natural setup starting from Himalaya to Indian Ocean can be seen as individual attraction as well as when we connect more than two destinations having similar or dissimilar background but same location may complement each other in form of tourist circuits. This chapter will highlights some of the most popular tourist circuits in India as well as few upcoming one.

6. Desert Delight (Jodhpur-Jaisalmer-Bikaner)

Rajasthan the Northern-west desert state of India is best known for its vibrant culture, colorful handicrafts, royal palaces, magnificent forts, joyful people and amazing sand dunes. This circuit provides the best opportunity of experience all these attractions and most notably the sun and sand in a single trip.

Jodhpur: this former capital of the state of Marwar was founded in 15th century by the Rathore Rajputs. The major attraction of the city is breathtaking, magnificent Mehrangarh fort. It appears to rise from bluff-coloured sandstone hill itself. There are other grand testimonials of glorious past of the city like Umaid Bhavan Palace and Jaswant Thada. Others attractions are Mandor garden, Sardar Bazar, Taleti Mahal, and local market famous for leather products.

Jaisalamer: Situated in Thar Desert, founded in the 12^th century by Maharawal Jaisal of Bhatti Rajput clan. The building here are made by local golden-yellow sandstone which gave the city name ‘golden city’. The main attraction of city is Jaisalmer Fort and havelis of rich businessman. Salim Singh’s haveli, Nathmalji’s haveli, Patwon ki haveli are having more intricate stone carving and jali work. Gadsisar Lake, Manak Chowk, Gyan Bhandar, Jain Temple, Khuri Sand Dunes and Gadi Sagar are other attractions of Jaisalmer. Camel safari in sand dunes is most popular among tourist.

Bikaner: Bordering the Thar desert, this is one of the earliest established cities of Rajasthan. It was found in 1486 by Rao Bika, younger son of Rao Jodha of Jodhpur. The most distinguished attraction of the city is Majestic and spellbinding Junagarh Fort and Palaces. It is also well known for its Karni Mata temple where rats are fed milk hence famous by rat temple. Other attractions of the city are Lalgarh Palace, Walled city,

Kothari’s haveli, Camel breeding farm, and desert festival.

7. Heritage circuit (Bijapur-Badami-Pattadakal-Hampi)

Karnataka state being the center of few of the most powerful dynasties of South India is packed with abundant marvelous heritage sites. These three most visited heritage cities reflects the rich history, art, architecture and affluence of Southern India in the form of World Heritage monuments, forts and palaces, historic sites, temples and ruins.

Bijapur: It was founded by Adil Shah who emerged as the principal rular of Deccan in the 16^th and 17^th Century. Gol Gumbad is Bijaupr’s most celebrated building which is monumental tomb of Mohammad Adil Shah (1627-56). The Citadel, Jami Masjid, Asar Mahal, Ibrahim Rauza are other attractions of Bijapur.

Badami: Situated within horseshoe of a red sandstone cliffs, once this was historic capital of early Chalukya kings who ruled the Deccan during 6^th-7^th cen AD. Among the rock-cut and structural monuments, the most richly decorated are the cave temples. Cave 1 is dedicated to Shiva, Cave 2 & 3 to Vishnu and Cave 4 is dedicated to Jain saints. Yellamma Temple, Jambulinga Temple, Bhutanath temple, Archaeological museum are other attractions of Badami.

Pattadakal: Pattadakal is a town close to Badami. It is renowned for the group of monuments and temple of Hindu and Jain religion and granted the World Heritage status by UNESCO for the exceptional example of art and architecture. Two styles of temple exists in Pattadakal- North India-style (Kadasiddeshvara, Jambulinga, Galaganatha, and Kashi Vishvanath temple) and South Indian-style (Sangameshvara, Virupaksha, Mallikarjuna and Papanatha Temple). The Mallikarjuna and Virupaksha temple both dedicated to Shiva having large sculptures on pillars.

Hampi: A UNESCO World Heritage site on the south bank of Tungabhadra river, Hampi holds the ruins of Vijayanagar. Hampi was capital of three generations of Hindu rulars for more than 200 years. The site comprises of Sacred and Royal centres with rocky ridges and granite boulders acting as natural defences. Krishna Temple (Krishnadeva Raya erected in 1516), Virupaksha Temple (dedicated to goddess Pampa), Narsimha

Monolith, King’s balance, Lotus temple, Stepped Tank and Vitthala Temple are major attractions of Hampi.

8. Shimla-Kullu-Manali-Dharmashala

Himachal, “the adobe of snow” covers over 56,000sq km of the Western Himalaya. The state terrain rises from foothills of Shivalik bordering the plains of Punjab and extends to the trans-Himalayan heights of the Zanskar Range. Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh was once famous summer capital of the British Raj, is still most popular destination.

Shimla: it is the capital state of Himachal Pradesh. Once the summer capital of British India, this beautiful mountain city still remains the highly demanding the most favorite choice of tourists. The attractions of Shimla are quite diverse and wide including natural, religious, artistic and historic attractions. Major sites to visit are, the Mall, Observatory Hill, Arki Fort, Gaiety Heritag, Himachal State Museum, Jakhu Temple, Christ Church, Scandal point and wooden market.

Kullu: The Kullu, in the ancient Sanskrit text referred as “Kulantapith” and locally known as “valley of the Gods” is watered by Beas river. Its alpine setting is gathering of 360 gods from different temples. The chief attraction of Kullu is 17^th century Raghunath Temple dedicated to Rama and Sita.

Manali: Manali is one of the most popular and highest visited hill stations in the world. Nature has blessed this place with such stunning attractions that draw the visitors from all corners of the country. It is the best spot for all kind of adventure activities like whitewater rafting, trekking, mountaineering and snow-skiing. Major sites to visit are Kothi valley, Solang valley, Rohtang pass and Rohtang waterfall.

Dharmshala: This hill station established by British, is today more famous because of home of Dalai Lama. Located on the lower spurs of Dhauladhar range, the town consists of two sections-lower town with main bus stand and bazaar and upper town known as McLeodganj. Upper town is primarily Tibetan settlement with its focal point Tsunglagkhang complex (residence of Dalai Lama). Namgyal Monastery, Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts, Nechung Monastery and several Tibetan gompas are major attraction.

9. Chardham Yatra (Yamunotri-Gangotri-Kedarnath-Badrinath)

Chardham Yatra is one of the most accessible and sacred Hindu pilgrimage yatra of India, begins every year in April-May and continues till Oct-Nov in Uttarakhand. Sitting amidst the mighty and high Himalayan ranges all these spots are surrounded with breathtaking, pristine natural surroundings and reached by trekking routes only.

Yamunotri: It is the traditionally first destination of Chardham yatra. The picturesque journey along with River Yamuna with a view of Rawaai Ghaati. The main deity is Goddess Yamuna, represented in black marble idol. The other deity in white marble is Goddess Ganga. Just outside the main temple is the Divya Shila from which springs thermal Sulphur springs. Almost 7 km away at Jankichatti the other sacred sites are Saptarishi kund and Surya Kund.

Gangotri: The Gangotri shrine overlooks the thundering River Bhagirathi, is that the spiritual source of India’s holiest river, the Ganga. Hindu perform the ancestral rites of shradha and pind dan for ancestors here. The actual source of river is the ice cave of Gomukh. The temple at Gangotri is believed to be consecrated by Adi Shankracharya in 18th century. Nearby is that the Bhagirath Shila, a stone slab where king Bhagirath meditated. A special shringar puja is performed on ganga Saptami, Ganga Dussehara and Yam Dwitiya.

Kedarnath: The trek for Kedarnath (3584 mts) begins from Gaurikund. (3584 mts) where Goddess Parvathi believed to meditated to attain Lord Shiva. The Kedarnath shrine is the northernmost Jyotirlinga and third stop at this yatra which is very close to river Mandakini. Kedarnath is also part of Panch Kedar yatra. Pilgrims generally take a bath at the hot spring in Gaurikund before proceeding for Kedarnath.

Badrinath: Badrinath Temple devoted to Lord Vishnu situated against the backdrop of the Neelkanth Peak, by the river Alakhnand at an altitude of 3,133 m (10,276 feet). The presiding deity may be a meditating Lord Vishnu in black stone. A group of idol I the temple which include Ganesh, Laxmi, Nar-Narayan, Kuner and Narad installed here. Nearby Badrinath is Joshimath (48 km) is seat of Adi Shankaracharya.

10. Jain Pilgrimage Circuit (Pawapuri-Mt. Abu-Junagarh-Palitana Shrawanbelagola)

Jainism flourished in Gujarat under the Solanki ruler of Patan, Kumarpal (1143–1172 AD) under the tutelage of Jain Acharya Hemachandra. Adinath. Now it is the hub of Jain pilgrimage centers with some of the most sacred and ancient sites associated with Jainism.

Pawapuri: Mahavira, the last i.e 24th, tirthankar and founder of Jainism, died and cremated here at Pawapuri. A white marble daigambar temple known as Jalmandir was build in memory of this event. A special ritual and prayers were organized on the day of Diwali and Chaturmas.

Palitana: The Palitana temples complex are considered the most sacred Jain pilgrimage center. There are quite 1300 temples located atop the Shatrunjaya Hill, exquisitely carved in marble. These temples are built by generations of Jains over a period of 900 years from 11th century onwards. The main temple on top of Capitol Hill , is devoted to 1st tirthankar lord Adinath (Rishabdeva). There are incredibly more than 27000 idols in the complex.

Junagarh: Junagarh and The hill of Girnar (near Junagarh) are equally sacred as the 22nd tirthankara Neminatha attained moksha here. His idol, considered among the oldest within the world, predates the development of the temple in 12th century. Junagadh is significant Hindu and Jain pilgrim center being home of several holy temples. Some of the notable holy sites include shrines of Neminath, Mallinath, Parshvanath, the golden shrine of Rishabhadev, Bhavnath Mahadev Temple – The famous Bhavnath Fair takes place every year at this temple site, which attracts millions of pilgrims from all over the country, Amba Mata Temple, Temple of Gorakhnath.

Shrawanbelagola: This place is included in one of the most important and oldest Jain pilgrimage centres in India. It is the site of huge 17 m high statue of Gomateshwar (Bahubali), a Jain deity. Sravanbelagola has long back history going back to the 3rd century BC.